python - 如何在scrapy中带cookie访问？

问题描述

简单的通过scrapy访问雪球都报错，我知道要先访问一次雪球，需要cookie信息才能真正打开连接。scrapy据说可以不用在意cookie，会自动获取cookie。我按照这个连接在middleware里已经启用cookie，http://stackoverflow.com/ques...，但为什么还是会返回404错误？搜索了几天都没找到答案。郁闷啊，求帮忙给个简单代码如何访问，谢谢了

class XueqiuSpider(scrapy.Spider): name = 'xueqiu' start_urls = 'https://xueqiu.com/stock/f10/finmainindex.json?symbol=SZ000001&page=1&size=1' headers = {'Accept': 'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,*/*;q=0.8','Accept-Language': 'zh-CN,zh;q=0.8','Connection': 'keep-alive','Host': 'www.zhihu.com','Upgrade-Insecure-Requests': '1','User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_11_3) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/48.0.2564.109 Safari/537.36' } def __init__(self, url = None):self.user_url = url def start_requests(self):yield scrapy.Request( url = self.start_urls, headers = self.headers, meta = {’cookiejar’: 1 }, callback = self.request_captcha) def request_captcha(self,response):print response

错误日志。

2017-03-04 12:42:02 [scrapy.core.engine] INFO: Spider opened2017-03-04 12:42:02 [scrapy.extensions.logstats] INFO: Crawled 0 pages (at 0 pages/min), scraped 0 items (at 0 items/min)2017-03-04 12:42:02 [scrapy.extensions.telnet] DEBUG: Telnet console listening on 127.0.0.1:6023********Current UserAgent:Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/536.6 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/20.0.1092.0 Safari/536.6************2017-03-04 12:42:12 [scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.cookies] DEBUG: Received cookies from: <200 https://xueqiu.com/robots.txt>Set-Cookie: aliyungf_tc=AQAAAGFYbBEUVAQAPSHDc8pHhpYZKUem; Path=/; HttpOnly2017-03-04 12:42:12 [scrapy.core.engine] DEBUG: Crawled (200) <GET https://xueqiu.com/robots.txt> (referer: None)********Current UserAgent:Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/536.6 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/20.0.1092.0 Safari/536.6************2017-03-04 12:42:12 [scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.cookies] DEBUG: Received cookies from: <404 https://xueqiu.com/stock/f10/finmainindex.json?symbol=SZ000001&page=1&size=1>Set-Cookie: aliyungf_tc=AQAAAPTfyyJNdQUAPSHDc8KmCkY5slST; Path=/; HttpOnly2017-03-04 12:42:12 [scrapy.core.engine] DEBUG: Crawled (404) <GET https://xueqiu.com/stock/f10/finmainindex.json?symbol=SZ000001&page=1&size=1> (referer: None)2017-03-04 12:42:12 [scrapy.spidermiddlewares.httperror] INFO: Ignoring response <404 https://xueqiu.com/stock/f10/finmainindex.json?symbol=SZ000001&page=1&size=1>: HTTP status code is not handled or not allowed2017-03-04 12:42:12 [scrapy.core.engine] INFO: Closing spider (finished)2017-03-04 12:42:12 [scrapy.statscollectors] INFO: Dumping Scrapy stats:

问题解答

又试了一下.. 确实不需要登录哦.. 是我想多了... 直接先请求一下xueqiu.com,拿到cookie后再请求一下API的地址就可以了.. 原来如此..

==============羞耻的分割线=============

经我验证，你需要登录...

import scrapyimport hashlibfrom scrapy.http import FormRequest, Requestclass XueqiuScrapeSpider(scrapy.Spider): name = 'xueqiu_scrape' allowed_domains = ['xueqiu.com'] def start_requests(self):m = hashlib.md5()m.update(b'your password') # 在这里填入你的密码password = m.hexdigest().upper()form_data={ 'telephone': 'your account', # 在这里填入你的用户名 'password': password, 'remember_me': str(), 'areacode': '86',}print(form_data)return [FormRequest( url='https://xueqiu.com/snowman/login', formdata=form_data, meta={'cookiejar': 1}, callback=self.loged_in )] def loged_in(self, response):# print(response.url)return [Request( url='https://xueqiu.com/stock/f10/finmainindex.json?symbol=SZ000001&page=1&size=1', meta={'cookiejar': response.meta['cookiejar']}, callback=self.get_result, )] def get_result(self, response):print(response.body)

另外，网站确实对User-Agent进行了验证，可以在settings.py中进行设置，当然自己写在爬虫文件里也可以。密码是MD5加密后的字符串。哦对，补充一点，因为我是用手机注册的，所以form_data是这些字段，如果你是其他方式，只需要用Chrome工具看一下POST请求有哪些参数，自己修改一下form_data的内容就行了。

哈哈，谢谢咯，解决了几天的困惑。之前也通过request来做不需要登录，贴下代码，

session = requests.Session()session.headers = { ’User-Agent’: ’Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_11_6) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/56.0.2924.87 Safari/537.36’}session.get(’https://xueqiu.com’)for page in range(1,100): url = ’https://xueqiu.com/stock/f10/finmainindex.json?symbol=SZ000001&page=%s&size=1’ % page print url r = session.get(url)#print r.json().list a = r.text