python爬虫selenium模块详解

selenium优势

selenium使用流程：

1.环境安装：pip install selenium

2.下载一个浏览器的驱动程序（谷歌浏览器）

3.实例化一个浏览器对象

代码

from selenium import webdriverfrom lxml import etreefrom time import sleepif __name__ == ’__main__’: bro = webdriver.Chrome(r'E:googleChromeApplicationchromedriver.exe') bro.get(url=’http://scxk.nmpa.gov.cn:81/xk/’) page_text = bro.page_source tree = etree.HTML(page_text) li_list = tree.xpath(’//*[@id='gzlist']/li’) for li in li_list: name = li.xpath(’./dl/@title’)[0] print(name) sleep(5) bro.quit()基于浏览器自动化的操作

代码

#编写基于浏览器自动化的操作代码- 发起请求: get(url)- 标签定位: find系列的方法- 标签交互: send_ keys( ’xxx’ )- 执行js程序: excute_script(’jsCod’)- 前进，后退: back(),forward( )- 关闭浏览器: quit()

代码

https://www.taobao.com/

from selenium import webdriverfrom time import sleepbro = webdriver.Chrome(executable_path=r'E:googleChromeApplicationchromedriver.exe')bro.get(url=’https://www.taobao.com/’)#标签定位search_input = bro.find_element_by_id(’q’)sleep(2)#执行一组js代码，使得滚轮向下滑动bro.execute_script(’window.scrollTo(0,document.body.scrollHeight)’)sleep(2)#标签交互search_input.send_keys(’女装’)button = bro.find_element_by_class_name(’btn-search’)button.click()bro.get(’https://www.baidu.com’)sleep(2)bro.back()sleep(2)bro.forward()sleep(5)bro.quit()selenium处理iframe：

- 如果定位的标签存在于iframe标签之中，则必须使用switch_to.frame(id)- 动作链(拖动) : from selenium. webdriver import ActionChains- 实例化一个动作链对象: action = ActionChains (bro)- click_and_hold(div) :长按且点击操作- move_by_offset(x,y)- perform( )让动作链立即执行- action.release( )释放动作链对象

代码

https://www.runoob.com/try/try.php?filename=jqueryui-api-droppable

from selenium import webdriverfrom time import sleepfrom selenium.webdriver import ActionChainsbro = webdriver.Chrome(executable_path=r'E:googleChromeApplicationchromedriver.exe')bro.get(’https://www.runoob.com/try/try.php?filename=jqueryui-api-droppable’)bro.switch_to.frame(’iframeResult’)div = bro.find_element_by_id(’draggable’)#动作链action = ActionChains(bro)action.click_and_hold(div)for i in range(5): action.move_by_offset(17,0).perform() sleep(0.3)#释放动作链action.release()bro.quit()selenium模拟登陆QQ空间

代码

https://qzone.qq.com/

from selenium import webdriverfrom time import sleepbro = webdriver.Chrome(executable_path=r'E:googleChromeApplicationchromedriver.exe')bro.get(’https://qzone.qq.com/’)bro.switch_to.frame('login_frame')switcher = bro.find_element_by_id(’switcher_plogin’)switcher.click()user_tag = bro.find_element_by_id(’u’)password_tag = bro.find_element_by_id(’p’)user_tag.send_keys(’1234455’)password_tag.send_keys(’qwer123’)sleep(1)but = bro.find_element_by_id(’login_button’)but.click()无头浏览器和规避检测

代码

from selenium import webdriverfrom time import sleep#实现无可视化界面from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options#实现规避检测from selenium.webdriver import ChromeOptions#实现无可视化界面chrome_options = Options()chrome_options.add_argument(’--headless’)chrome_options.add_argument(’--disable-gpu’)#实现规避检测option = ChromeOptions()option.add_experimental_option(’excludeSwitches’,[’enable-automation’])bro = webdriver.Chrome(executable_path=r'E:googleChromeApplicationchromedriver.exe',chrome_options=chrome_options,options=option)bro.get(’https://www.baidu.com’)print(bro.page_source)sleep(2)bro.quit()

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