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Spring中bean的初始化和销毁几种实现方式详解

浏览:21日期:2023-08-03 17:45:50

Bean的生命周期 : 创建bean对象 ? 属性赋值 ? 初始化方法调用前的操作 ? 初始化方法 ? 初始化方法调用后的操作 ? …-- 销毁前操作 ? 销毁方法的调用。

【1】init-method和destroy-method

自定义初始化方法和销毁方法两种方式:xml配置和注解。

① xml配置

<bean scope='singleton' init-method='init' destroy-method='cleanUp' autowire='byName' lazy-init='true' > </bean>

② 注解配置

@Scope('singleton') @Lazy @Bean(name='person',initMethod='init',destroyMethod='cleanUp', autowire=Autowire.BY_NAME) public Person person01(){ return new Person('lisi', 20); }

单实例bean在容器创建完成前会进行创建并初始化,在容器销毁的时候进行销毁。多实例bean(scope=prototype)在第一次获取该bean实例时才会创建并初始化,且容器不负责该bean的销毁。

【2】InitializingBean 和DisposableBean

InitializingBean 接口:

public interface InitializingBean {void afterPropertiesSet() throws Exception;}

在BeanFactory设置完bean属性后执行

需要被bean实现的接口,一旦bean的属性被BeanFactory设置后需要做出反应: 如,执行自定义初始化,或者仅仅是检查是否设置了所有强制属性。

实现InitializingBean 的可替代方式为给bean指定一个自定义的init-method,例如在一个xml bean 定义中。

在bean的属性设置之后进行操作,不返回任何值但是允许抛出异常。

DisposableBean接口:

public interface DisposableBean {void destroy() throws Exception;}

被bean实现的接口,在销毁时释放资源,在Bean销毁的时候调用该方法。

如果销毁一个缓存的单例,一个BeanFactory 可能会调用这个销毁方法。

在容器关闭时,应用上下文会销毁所有的单例bean。

一种替代实现DisposableBean 接口的方案为指定一个自定义的destroy-method方法,例如在一个xml bean定义中。

自定义bean实现上述两个接口

@Componentpublic class Cat implements InitializingBean,DisposableBean {public Cat(){System.out.println('cat constructor...');}@Overridepublic void destroy() throws Exception {// TODO Auto-generated method stubSystem.out.println('cat...destroy...');}@Overridepublic void afterPropertiesSet() throws Exception {// TODO Auto-generated method stubSystem.out.println('cat...afterPropertiesSet...');}}

测试结果

cat constructor...cat...afterPropertiesSet...容器创建完成...四月 08, 2018 6:35:46 下午 org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext doClose信息: Closing org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext@11028347: startup date [Sun Apr 08 18:35:46 CST 2018]; root of context hierarchycat...destroy...

【3】@PostConstruct和@PreDestroy

使用JSR250规范定义的两个注解:

@PostConstruct: PostConstruct注解作用在方法上,在依赖注入完成后进行一些初始化操作。这个方法在类被放入service之前被调用,所有支持依赖项注入的类都必须支持此注解。

@PreDestroy:在容器销毁bean之前通知我们进行清理工作

自定义类使用上述两个注解

@Componentpublic class Dog implements ApplicationContextAware {//@Autowiredprivate ApplicationContext applicationContext;public Dog(){System.out.println('dog constructor...');}//对象创建并赋值之后调用@PostConstructpublic void init(){System.out.println('Dog....@PostConstruct...');}//容器移除对象之前@PreDestroypublic void detory(){System.out.println('Dog....@PreDestroy...');}@Overridepublic void setApplicationContext(ApplicationContext applicationContext) throws BeansException {// TODO Auto-generated method stubthis.applicationContext = applicationContext;}}

测试结果如下

dog constructor...Dog....@PostConstruct...容器创建完成...四月 08, 2018 6:42:11 下午 org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext doClose信息: Closing org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext@11028347: startup date [Sun Apr 08 18:42:10 CST 2018]; root of context hierarchyDog....@PreDestroy...

【4】BeanPostProcessor-Bean后置处理器

① 什么是bean后置处理器

在bean初始化前后进行一些处理工作

postProcessBeforeInitialization:在初始化之前工作 postProcessAfterInitialization:在初始化之后工作

其接口源码如下:

public interface BeanPostProcessor {Object postProcessBeforeInitialization(Object bean, String beanName) throws BeansException;Object postProcessAfterInitialization(Object bean, String beanName) throws BeansException;}

自定义MyBeanPostProcessor实现该接口:

/** * 后置处理器:初始化前后进行处理工作 * 将后置处理器加入到容器中 * @author lfy */@Componentpublic class MyBeanPostProcessor implements BeanPostProcessor {@Overridepublic Object postProcessBeforeInitialization(Object bean, String beanName) throws BeansException {// TODO Auto-generated method stubSystem.out.println('BeanPostProcessor.postProcessBeforeInitialization...'+beanName+'=>'+bean);return bean;}@Overridepublic Object postProcessAfterInitialization(Object bean, String beanName) throws BeansException {// TODO Auto-generated method stubSystem.out.println('BeanPostProcessor.postProcessAfterInitialization...'+beanName+'=>'+bean);return bean;}}

② BeanPostProcessor原理

AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory中关于bean和BeanPostProcessor执行次序由上到下

//给bean进行属性赋值populateBean(beanName, mbd, instanceWrapper);//然后调用initializeBean方法Object initializeBean(final String beanName, final Object bean, RootBeanDefinition mbd){applyBeanPostProcessorsBeforeInitialization(wrappedBean, beanName);//执行自定义初始化invokeInitMethods(beanName, wrappedBean, mbd);applyBeanPostProcessorsAfterInitialization(wrappedBean, beanName);}

AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.initializeBean源码如下:

protected Object initializeBean(final String beanName, final Object bean, RootBeanDefinition mbd) {if (System.getSecurityManager() != null) {AccessController.doPrivileged(new PrivilegedAction<Object>() {@Overridepublic Object run() {invokeAwareMethods(beanName, bean);return null;}}, getAccessControlContext());}else {//调用意识/通知方法invokeAwareMethods(beanName, bean);}Object wrappedBean = bean;if (mbd == null || !mbd.isSynthetic()) {//调用bean后置处理器的前置方法wrappedBean = applyBeanPostProcessorsBeforeInitialization(wrappedBean, beanName);}//调用初始化方法try {invokeInitMethods(beanName, wrappedBean, mbd);}catch (Throwable ex) {throw new BeanCreationException((mbd != null ? mbd.getResourceDescription() : null),beanName, 'Invocation of init method failed', ex);}if (mbd == null || !mbd.isSynthetic()) {////调用bean后置处理器的后置方法wrappedBean = applyBeanPostProcessorsAfterInitialization(wrappedBean, beanName);}return wrappedBean;}

AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.invokeInitMethods方法源码如下:

protected void invokeInitMethods(String beanName, final Object bean, RootBeanDefinition mbd)throws Throwable {boolean isInitializingBean = (bean instanceof InitializingBean);if (isInitializingBean && (mbd == null || !mbd.isExternallyManagedInitMethod('afterPropertiesSet'))) {if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {logger.debug('Invoking afterPropertiesSet() on bean with name ’' + beanName + '’');}//调用InitializingBean.afterPropertiesSetif (System.getSecurityManager() != null) {try {AccessController.doPrivileged(new PrivilegedExceptionAction<Object>() {@Overridepublic Object run() throws Exception {((InitializingBean) bean).afterPropertiesSet();return null;}}, getAccessControlContext());}catch (PrivilegedActionException pae) {throw pae.getException();}}else {((InitializingBean) bean).afterPropertiesSet();}}//调用自定义初始化方法if (mbd != null) {String initMethodName = mbd.getInitMethodName();if (initMethodName != null && !(isInitializingBean && 'afterPropertiesSet'.equals(initMethodName)) &&!mbd.isExternallyManagedInitMethod(initMethodName)) {invokeCustomInitMethod(beanName, bean, mbd);}}}

【5】Spring底层使用BeanPostProcessor

Spring框架底层存在大量BeanPostProcessor,如下图:

Spring中bean的初始化和销毁几种实现方式详解

示例一 :BeanValidationPostProcessor是处理bean校验

其Javadoc如下:

/** * Simple {@link BeanPostProcessor} that checks JSR-303 constraint annotations * in Spring-managed beans, throwing an initialization exception in case of * constraint violations right before calling the bean’s init method (if any). * * @author Juergen Hoeller * @since 3.0 */public class BeanValidationPostProcessor implements BeanPostProcessor, InitializingBean {private Validator validator;private boolean afterInitialization = false;//...}

示例二:ApplicationContextAwareProcessor帮助获取容器上下文

其Javadoc如下:

/** * {@link org.springframework.beans.factory.config.BeanPostProcessor} * implementation that passes the ApplicationContext to beans that * implement the {@link EnvironmentAware}, {@link EmbeddedValueResolverAware}, * {@link ResourceLoaderAware}, {@link ApplicationEventPublisherAware}, * {@link MessageSourceAware} and/or {@link ApplicationContextAware} interfaces. * * <p>Implemented interfaces are satisfied in order of their mention above. * * <p>Application contexts will automatically register this with their * underlying bean factory. Applications do not use this directly. * * @author Juergen Hoeller * @author Costin Leau * @author Chris Beams * @since 10.10.2003 * @see org.springframework.context.EnvironmentAware * @see org.springframework.context.EmbeddedValueResolverAware * @see org.springframework.context.ResourceLoaderAware * @see org.springframework.context.ApplicationEventPublisherAware * @see org.springframework.context.MessageSourceAware * @see org.springframework.context.ApplicationContextAware * @see org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext#refresh() */class ApplicationContextAwareProcessor implements BeanPostProcessor {private final ConfigurableApplicationContext applicationContext;private final StringValueResolver embeddedValueResolver;//...}

如【3】中的dog类为例,其debug示意图如下:

Spring中bean的初始化和销毁几种实现方式详解

【6】初始化和销毁方式测试

① 如果一个bean 综合应用下面六种种方式,执行顺序会怎样呢

Bean类如下:

public class Person implements InitializingBean,DisposableBean { private String name; private Integer age=1; public Person(String name, Integer age) { this.name = name; this.age = age; System.out.println('Person(String name, Integer age) constructor'+this); } public Person() { super(); System.out.println('Person() constructor'+age); } public Integer getAge() { return age; } public void setAge(Integer age) { this.age = age; } public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } @Override public String toString() { return 'Person{' +'name=’' + name + ’’’ +', age=' + age +’}’; }// 自定义init方法 public void init(){ System.out.println('-----Person.init()-----'+this); } // 自定义销毁方法 public void cleanUp(){ System.out.println('-----Person.cleanUp()-----'+this); }// InitializingBean的实现方法 @Override public void afterPropertiesSet() throws Exception { System.out.println('-----InitializingBean.afterPropertiesSet()-----'+this); }//DisposableBean 的实现方法 @Override public void destroy() throws Exception { System.out.println('-----DisposableBean.destroy()-----'+this); } //对象创建并赋值之后调用 @PostConstruct public void init2(){ System.out.println('-----@PostConstruct-----'+this); } //容器移除对象之前 @PreDestroy public void destory2(){ System.out.println('-----@PreDestroy-----'+this); }}

配置类如下:

public class Person implements InitializingBean,DisposableBean { private String name; private Integer age=1; public Person(String name, Integer age) { this.name = name; this.age = age; System.out.println('Person(String name, Integer age) constructor'+this); } public Person() { super(); System.out.println('Person() constructor'+age); } public Integer getAge() { return age; } public void setAge(Integer age) { this.age = age; } public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } @Override public String toString() { return 'Person{' +'name=’' + name + ’’’ +', age=' + age +’}’; }// 自定义init方法 public void init(){ System.out.println('-----Person.init()-----'+this); } // 自定义销毁方法 public void cleanUp(){ System.out.println('-----Person.cleanUp()-----'+this); }// InitializingBean的实现方法 @Override public void afterPropertiesSet() throws Exception { System.out.println('-----InitializingBean.afterPropertiesSet()-----'+this); }//DisposableBean 的实现方法 @Override public void destroy() throws Exception { System.out.println('-----DisposableBean.destroy()-----'+this); } //对象创建并赋值之后调用 @PostConstruct public void init2(){ System.out.println('-----@PostConstruct-----'+this); } //容器移除对象之前 @PreDestroy public void destory2(){ System.out.println('-----@PreDestroy-----'+this); }}

测试结果如下:

// 创建并初始化Person(String name, Integer age) constructorPerson{name=’lisi’, age=20}-----@PostConstruct-----Person{name=’lisi’, age=20}-----InitializingBean.afterPropertiesSet()-----Person{name=’lisi’, age=20}-----Person.init()-----Person{name=’lisi’, age=20}//容器将要销毁-----@PreDestroy-----Person{name=’lisi’, age=20}-----DisposableBean.destroy()-----Person{name=’lisi’, age=20}-----Person.cleanUp()-----Person{name=’lisi’, age=20}

即,最先使用bean的构造器为bean属性赋值,接着JSR250规范定义的两个注解,其次是InitializingBean和DisposableBean接口,最后才是我们自定义的初始化方法和销毁方法。注意,这里还没有引入BeanPostProcessor。

② 在①的基础上添加BeanPostProcessor

实例化bean并进行初始化

//调用构造方法Person(String name, Integer age) constructorPerson{name=’lisi’, age=20}//bean初始化前BeanPostProcessor.postProcessBeforeInitialization...person=>Person{name=’lisi’, age=20}//初始化操作-----@PostConstruct-----Person{name=’lisi’, age=20}-----InitializingBean.afterPropertiesSet()-----Person{name=’lisi’, age=20}-----Person.init()-----Person{name=’lisi’, age=20}//bean初始化后操作BeanPostProcessor.postProcessAfterInitialization...person=>Person{name=’lisi’, age=20}

过程如下:类构造函数-->BeanPostProcessor-->@PostConstruct-->InitializingBean-->init()-->BeanPostProcessor

销毁bean

-----@PreDestroy-----Person{name=’lisi’, age=20}-----DisposableBean.destroy()-----Person{name=’lisi’, age=20}-----Person.cleanUp()-----Person{name=’lisi’, age=20}

完整图示如下(同颜色的说明相对应):

Spring中bean的初始化和销毁几种实现方式详解

在调用bean的构造函数时会根据入参为bean属性赋值,如果入参为空则会给bean属性赋予默认值,引用类型为null,基本类型比如int为0。

【7】 @Autowired注解的值何时放入?

如下所示,redisTemplate这个依赖何时被容器注入到RedisController中?

Spring中bean的初始化和销毁几种实现方式详解

通过上面分析可知,依赖注入是在@PostConstruct注解的方法调用前被完成的(在populateBean()方法中被注入):

Spring中bean的初始化和销毁几种实现方式详解

那么具体什么时候哪个类完成的 @Autowired注解注入依赖呢?

在类被实例化后由BeanPostProcessor完成的,哪个BeanPostProcessor?

具体是由AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor 完成的:

Spring中bean的初始化和销毁几种实现方式详解

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