Spring Security的简单使用
前期准备
新建一个springboot项目，导入web模板和thymeleaf模板 导入静态资源
package com.example.controller;import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;@Controllerpublic class TestController { @RequestMapping('/') public String index(){return 'index'; } @RequestMapping('/toLogin') public String toLogin(){return 'views/login'; } @RequestMapping('/level1/{id}') public String level1(@PathVariable('id') int id){return 'views/level1/'+id; } @RequestMapping('/level2/{id}') public String level2(@PathVariable('id') int id){return 'views/level2/'+id; } @RequestMapping('/level3/{id}') public String level3(@PathVariable('id') int id){return 'views/level3/'+id; }}SpringSecurity的使用
引入spring-boot-starter-security模块
<dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-security</artifactId></dependency>
认识SpringSecurity的几个重要的类
WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter：自定义Security策略 AuthenticationManagerBuilder：自定义认证策略 @EnableWebSecurity：开启WebSecurity模式SpringSecurity---授权（认真看代码和注释）
//授权 @Override protected void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {http.authorizeRequests().antMatchers('/').permitAll() //首页所有人可以访问.antMatchers('/level1/**').hasRole('vip1') //level1下的页面，VIP1可以访问.antMatchers('/level2/**').hasRole('vip2').antMatchers('/level3/**').hasRole('vip3');//开启自动配置的登录功能，//即，没有登录的时候，除了首页，其他页面都访问不了，这时候，你访问其他页面的时候，//它直接跳转到它内置的登陆页面，让你登录 http.formLogin();http.formLogin().loginPage('/toLogin');//自定义登录页，将自定义的登录页替换掉内置的登录页//用来处理用户登录提交的表单http.formLogin().usernameParameter('username').passwordParameter('password').loginPage('/toLogin').loginProcessingUrl('/login');//开启自动配置的注销的功能// /logout 注销请求 http.logout();http.csrf().disable();//关闭csrf功能:跨站请求伪造,默认只能通过post方式提交logout请求http.logout().logoutSuccessUrl('/');//注销成功就返回首页//开启记住我功能 http.rememberMe();http.rememberMe().rememberMeParameter('remember');//在自定义登录页添加 记住我 }
SpringSecurity---认证（认真看代码和注释）
//认证 @Override protected void configure(AuthenticationManagerBuilder auth) throws Exception {/* auth.inMemoryAuthentication().withUser('xiaomi').password('123').roles('vip1') 这样写是不行的，会出现500错误。原因：密码没有加密 Spring security 5.0中新增了多种加密方式，也改变了密码的格式。 要想我们的项目还能够正常登陆，需要修改一下configure中的代码。我们要将前端传过来的密码进行某种方式加密 spring security 官方推荐的是使用bcrypt加密方式。 这里通过 passwordEncoder(new BCryptPasswordEncoder()) 的方式进行加密 */// 在内存中定义认证的规则auth.inMemoryAuthentication().passwordEncoder(new BCryptPasswordEncoder()).withUser('xiaolong').password(new BCryptPasswordEncoder().encode('123456')).roles('vip1').and().withUser('xiaomi').password(new BCryptPasswordEncoder().encode('123456')).roles('vip1','vip2').and().withUser('xiaohu').password(new BCryptPasswordEncoder().encode('123456')).roles('vip1','vip2','vip3');//在jdbc中定义认证的规则//auth.jdbcAuthentication() }
启动测试
静态资源login.html
<!DOCTYPE html><html lang='en' xmlns:th='http://www.thymeleaf.org'><head> <meta charset='UTF-8'> <meta name='viewport' content='width=device-width, initial-scale=1, maximum-scale=1'> <title>登录</title> <!--semantic-ui--> <link href='https://cdn.bootcss.com/semantic-ui/2.4.1/semantic.min.css' rel='external nofollow' rel='external nofollow' rel='stylesheet'></head><body><!--主容器--><div class='ui container'> <div class='ui segment'><div style='text-align: center'> <h1 class='header'>登录</h1></div><div class='ui placeholder segment'> <div class='ui column very relaxed stackable grid'><div class='column'> <div class='ui form'><form th:action='@{/login}' method='post'> <div class='field'><label>Username</label><div class='ui left icon input'> <input type='text' placeholder='Username' name='username'> <i class='user icon'></i></div> </div> <div class='field'><label>Password</label><div class='ui left icon input'> <input type='password' name='password'> <i class='lock icon'></i></div> </div> <div class='field'><input type='checkbox' name='remember'>记住我 </div> <input type='submit' /></form> </div></div> </div></div><div style='text-align: center'> <div class='ui label'></i>注册 </div> <br><br></div><div style='text-align: center'> <h3>Spring Security</h3></div> </div></div><script th:src='https://www.haobala.com/bcjs/@{/js/jquery-3.1.1.min.js}'></script><script th:src='https://www.haobala.com/bcjs/@{/js/semantic.min.js}'></script></body></html>
index.html
<!DOCTYPE html><html lang='en' xmlns:th='http://www.thymeleaf.org' xmlns:sec='http://www.thymeleaf.org/extras/spring-security'><head> <meta charset='UTF-8'> <meta name='viewport' content='width=device-width, initial-scale=1, maximum-scale=1'> <title>首页</title> <!--semantic-ui--> <link href='https://cdn.bootcss.com/semantic-ui/2.4.1/semantic.min.css' rel='external nofollow' rel='external nofollow' rel='stylesheet'> <link th:href='https://www.haobala.com/bcjs/@{/css/mystyle.css}' rel='external nofollow' rel='stylesheet'></head><body><!--主容器--><div class='ui container'> <div th:fragment='nav-menu'><div class='ui secondary menu'> <a th:href='https://www.haobala.com/bcjs/@{/index}' rel='external nofollow' >首页</a> <!--登录注销--> <div class='right menu'><!--未登录--><!--sec:authorize='!isAuthenticated() 未认证即未登录--><div sec:authorize='!isAuthenticated()'> <a th:href='https://www.haobala.com/bcjs/@{/toLogin}' rel='external nofollow' ><i class='address card icon'></i> 登录 </a></div><!--已登录--><!--sec:authorize='!isAuthenticated() 已认证即已经有用户登录--><div sec:authorize='isAuthenticated()'> <a class='item'><i class='address card icon'></i>用户名：<span sec:authentication='principal.username'></span>角色：<span sec:authentication='principal.authorities'></span> </a></div><!--注销--><div sec:authorize='isAuthenticated()'> <a th:href='https://www.haobala.com/bcjs/@{/logout}' rel='external nofollow' ><i class='sign-out icon'></i> 注销 </a></div> </div></div> </div> <div style='text-align: center'><h3>Spring Security</h3> </div> <div><br><div class='ui three column stackable grid'> <!-- sec:authorize='hasRole(’vip1’) 永拥有vip1权限的人才能看到 --> <div sec:authorize='hasRole(’vip1’)'><div class='ui raised segment'> <div class='ui'><div class='content'> <h5 class='content'>Level 1</h5> <hr> <div><a th:href='https://www.haobala.com/bcjs/@{/level1/1}' rel='external nofollow' ><i class='bullhorn icon'></i> Level-1-1</a></div> <div><a th:href='https://www.haobala.com/bcjs/@{/level1/2}' rel='external nofollow' ><i class='bullhorn icon'></i> Level-1-2</a></div> <div><a th:href='https://www.haobala.com/bcjs/@{/level1/3}' rel='external nofollow' ><i class='bullhorn icon'></i> Level-1-3</a></div></div> </div></div> </div> <!-- sec:authorize='hasRole(’vip2’) 永拥有vip2权限的人才能看到 --> <div sec:authorize='hasRole(’vip2’)'><div class='ui raised segment'> <div class='ui'><div class='content'> <h5 class='content'>Level 2</h5> <hr> <div><a th:href='https://www.haobala.com/bcjs/@{/level2/1}' rel='external nofollow' ><i class='bullhorn icon'></i> Level-2-1</a></div> <div><a th:href='https://www.haobala.com/bcjs/@{/level2/2}' rel='external nofollow' ><i class='bullhorn icon'></i> Level-2-2</a></div> <div><a th:href='https://www.haobala.com/bcjs/@{/level2/3}' rel='external nofollow' ><i class='bullhorn icon'></i> Level-2-3</a></div></div> </div></div> </div> <!-- sec:authorize='hasRole(’vip3’) 永拥有vip3权限的人才能看到 --> <div sec:authorize='hasRole(’vip3’)'><div class='ui raised segment'> <div class='ui'><div class='content'> <h5 class='content'>Level 3</h5> <hr> <div><a th:href='https://www.haobala.com/bcjs/@{/level3/1}' rel='external nofollow' ><i class='bullhorn icon'></i> Level-3-1</a></div> <div><a th:href='https://www.haobala.com/bcjs/@{/level3/2}' rel='external nofollow' ><i class='bullhorn icon'></i> Level-3-2</a></div> <div><a th:href='https://www.haobala.com/bcjs/@{/level3/3}' rel='external nofollow' ><i class='bullhorn icon'></i> Level-3-3</a></div></div> </div></div> </div></div> </div> </div><script th:src='https://www.haobala.com/bcjs/@{/js/jquery-3.1.1.min.js}'></script><script th:src='https://www.haobala.com/bcjs/@{/js/semantic.min.js}'></script></body></html>一些其他的小东西 如果你在测试TestController之前已经提前把spring-boot-starter-security这个依赖导入，那么你请求首页的时候，程序会自动跳转到登录页面，任何请求都会被拦截，停留在登录页面 如果用户还没有登录，你只能看到首页，你点击首页的任何界面的请求都会跳转到默认的登录页面。然后，你通过你认证过的用户进行登录，登录成功后会返回你之前点击的那个界面的请求。也就是说，本来界面有一个/level1/1.html你点击它，没登录，会直接跳转到默认的登录界面，登陆成功后，会返回/level1/1.html，而不是返回首页，这是默认的 分析一下自定义登录页的实现
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