详解Java后端优雅验证参数合法性

1、首先创建一个测试实体类Person，并携带如上注解，其注解的作用描述在message

package com.clickpaas.pojo;import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonFormat;import lombok.Data;import org.hibernate.validator.constraints.Length;import org.hibernate.validator.constraints.Range;import javax.validation.constraints.*;import java.math.BigDecimal;import java.util.Date;import java.util.List;/** * @author 方延杰 * @version 1.0 * @since 2020/12/10 9:04 下午 */@Datapublic class Person { @Null(message = 'death必须为null') private String death; @AssertTrue(message = 'bool必须为true') private boolean bool; @AssertFalse(message = 'fal必须为false') private boolean fal; @Min(value = 1, message = 'min必须为数字,其值大于或等于指定的最小值') private Integer min; @Max(value = 10, message = 'max必须为数字,其值小于或等于指定的最大值') private Integer max; @DecimalMin(value = '1', message = 'minDeci最小不能小于1') private BigDecimal minDeci; @DecimalMax(value = '10', message = 'maxDeci最大不能大于10') private BigDecimal maxDeci; @Size(min = 1, max = 2, message = 'list集合的长度最小不能小于1,最大不能大于2') private List<Object> list; @Digits(integer = 4, fraction = 2, message = 'digits整数位不能超过4个,小数位不能超过2个') private BigDecimal digits; /** * 将前台传来的日期数据映射到此字段 */ @JsonFormat(shape = JsonFormat.Shape.STRING, pattern = 'yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss', timezone = 'GMT+8') @Past(message = 'past必须为过去的日期') private Date past; @JsonFormat(shape = JsonFormat.Shape.STRING, pattern = 'yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss', timezone = 'GMT+8') @Future(message = 'future必须为将来的日期') private Date future; @Pattern(regexp = '^1[3|4|5|7|8][0-9]{9}$', message = 'phone必须符合正则表达式') private String phone; @Email(message = 'email必须是邮箱格式') private String email; @Length(min = 1, max = 2, message = 'length长度最小不能小于1,最大不能大于2') private String length; @NotEmpty(message = 'id不能为null，长度大于0') private String id; @Range(min = 1, max = 12, message = 'month最小不能小于1,最大不能大于12') private Integer month; @NotBlank(message = 'name不能为null,字段串长度大于0（限字符串）') private String name;}

2、封装返回响应体

package com.clickpaas.response;import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;import lombok.Data;/** * @author 方延杰 * @version 1.0 * @since 2019/7/3 4:32 下午 */@Data@AllArgsConstructorpublic class CodeMsg { private int code; private String msg; /** * 失败 */ public static CodeMsg SERVER_ERROR = new CodeMsg(500, '服务端异常');}

package com.clickpaas.response;import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;import lombok.Data;/** * @author 方延杰 * @version 1.0 * @since 2019/7/3 4:35 下午 */@Data@AllArgsConstructorpublic class Result<T> { /** * 返回状态码 除200其余全部失败 */ private int code; /** * 返回信息 除success其余全部失败 */ private String msg; /** * 泛型数据 */ private T data; /** * 成功时返回的类型 * * @param data 数据 * @param <T> 泛型 * @return 泛型数据 */ public static <T> Result<T> success(T data) { return new Result<>(200, 'success', data); } public static <T> Result<T> fail(CodeMsg codeMsg) { return new Result<>(codeMsg); } private Result(CodeMsg codeMsg) { if (codeMsg == null) { return; } this.code = codeMsg.getCode(); this.msg = codeMsg.getMsg(); }}

3、创建使用增强器拦截并返回异常信息

package com.clickpaas.config;import com.clickpaas.response.CodeMsg;import com.clickpaas.response.Result;import org.springframework.web.bind.MethodArgumentNotValidException;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ExceptionHandler;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestControllerAdvice;import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;import java.util.Objects;/** * @author 方延杰 * @version 1.0 * @since 2018/12/10 4:59 下午 */@RestControllerAdvicepublic class GlobalExceptionInterceptor { @ExceptionHandler(value = MethodArgumentNotValidException.class) public Result<Object> exceptionHandler(HttpServletRequest request, Exception e) { String errMsg = '处理失败'; if (e instanceof MethodArgumentNotValidException) { // 拿到参数校验具体异常信息 errMsg = Objects.requireNonNull(((MethodArgumentNotValidException) e).getBindingResult().getFieldError()).getDefaultMessage(); } return Result.fail(new CodeMsg(500, errMsg)); }}

4、创建控制层测试

package com.clickpaas.controller;import com.clickpaas.pojo.Person;import org.springframework.validation.annotation.Validated;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestBody;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;/** * @author 方延杰 * @version 1.0 * @since 2020/12/10 9:03 下午 */@RestControllerpublic class ValidController { @PostMapping('/valid') public String valid(@Validated @RequestBody Person person) { return 'success'; }}

5、测试符合验证请求体访问，请求体如下：

{ 'death':null, 'bool':true, 'fal':false, 'min':1, 'max':10, 'minDeci':1, 'maxDeci':10, 'list':[ {},{} ], 'digits':1144.12, 'past':'2020-10-01 10:00:00', 'future':'2022-10-01 10:00:00', 'phone':'15900445584', 'email':'yanjie.fang@clickpaas.com', 'length':'ab', 'id':' ', 'name':'a'}

6、故意修改不符合验证的数据

7、如果想做整体验证，如下：

package com.clickpaas.uitl;import javax.validation.ConstraintViolation;import javax.validation.Validation;import javax.validation.Validator;import java.util.List;import java.util.Set;import java.util.stream.Collectors;/** * Bean整体校验工具类 * * @author 方延杰 * @version 1.0 * @since 2020/12/10 10:08 下午 */public class ValidatorUtils { private static final Validator VALIDATOR = Validation.buildDefaultValidatorFactory().getValidator(); /** * Bean整体校验，有不合规范，拼接message */ public static String validate(Object obj, Class<?>... groups) { StringBuilder errorMessage = new StringBuilder(); Set<ConstraintViolation<Object>> resultSet = VALIDATOR.validate(obj, groups); if (resultSet.size() > 0) { //如果存在错误结果，则将其解析并进行拼凑后异常抛出 List<String> errorMessageList = resultSet.stream().map(ConstraintViolation::getMessage).collect(Collectors.toList()); errorMessageList.forEach(o -> errorMessage.append(o).append(';')); } return errorMessage.toString(); }}

8、整体测试类

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