Oracle诊断案例-Spfile案例一则

Oracle诊断案例-Spfile案例一则link:http://www.eygle.com/case/spfile.htm情况说明:系统：SUN Solaris8数据库版本:9203 问题描述：工程人员报告，数据库在重新启动时无法正常启动.检查发现UNDO表空间丢失.问题诊断及解决过程如下:1. 登陆系统检查alert.log文件检查alert.log文件是通常是我们诊断数据库问题的第一步SunOS 5.8login: rootPassWord: Last login: Thu Apr 1 11:39:16 from 10.123.7.162Sun Microsystems Inc. SunOS 5.8 Generic Patch October 2001You have new mail.# su - oraclebash-2.03$ cd $ORACLE_BASE/admin/*/bdumpbash-2.03$ vi *.log'alert_gzhs.log' 7438 lines, 283262 characters Sat Feb 7 20:30:06 2004Starting ORACLE instance (normal)LICENSE_MAX_SESSION = 0LICENSE_SESSIONS_WARNING = 0SCN scheme 3Using log_archive_dest parameter default valueLICENSE_MAX_USERS = 0SYS auditing is disabledStarting up ORACLE RDBMS Version: 9.2.0.3.0.System parameters with non-default values:processes = 150timed_statistics = TRUEshared_pool_size = 1157627904large_pool_size = 16777216Java_pool_size = 637534208control_files = /u01/oradata/gzhs/control01.ctl,/u02/oradata/gzhs/control02.ctl, /u03/oradata/gzhs/control03.ctldb_block_size = 8192db_cache_size = 2516582400compatible = 9.2.0.0.0log_archive_start = TRUElog_archive_dest_1 = LOCATION=/u06/oradata/gzhs/archlog_archive_format = %t_%s.dbfdb_file_multiblock_read_count= 16fast_start_mttr_target = 300undo_management = AUTOundo_tablespace = UNDOTBS1undo_retention = 10800remote_login_passwordfile= EXCLUSIVEdb_domain =instance_name = gzhsdispatchers = (PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=gzhsXDB)job_queue_processes = 10hash_join_enabled = TRUEbackground_dump_dest = /oracle/admin/gzhs/bdumpuser_dump_dest = /oracle/admin/gzhs/udumpcore_dump_dest = /oracle/admin/gzhs/cdumpsort_area_size = 524288db_name = gzhsopen_cursors = 300star_transformation_enabled= FALSEquery_rewrite_enabled = FALSEpga_aggregate_target = 838860800aq_tm_processes = 1PMON started with pid=2DBW0 started with pid=3LGWR started with pid=4CKPT started with pid=5SMON started with pid=6'alert_gzhs.log' 7438 lines, 283262 charactersUSER: terminating instance due to error 30012Instance terminated by USER, pid = 26433ORA-1092 signalled during: ALTER DATABASE OPEN...Thu Apr 1 11:11:08 2004Starting ORACLE instance (normal)LICENSE_MAX_SESSION = 0LICENSE_SESSIONS_WARNING = 0SCN scheme 3Using log_archive_dest parameter default valueLICENSE_MAX_USERS = 0SYS auditing is disabledStarting up ORACLE RDBMS Version: 9.2.0.3.0.System parameters with non-default values:processes = 150timed_statistics = TRUEshared_pool_size = 1157627904large_pool_size = 16777216java_pool_size = 637534208control_files = /u01/oradata/gzhs/control01.ctl, /u02/oradata/gzhs/control02.ctl, /u03/oradata/gzhs/control03.ctldb_block_size = 8192db_cache_size = 2516582400compatible = 9.2.0.0.0log_archive_start = TRUElog_archive_dest_1 = LOCATION=/u06/oradata/gzhs/archlog_archive_format = %t_%s.dbfdb_file_multiblock_read_count= 16fast_start_mttr_target = 300undo_management = AUTOundo_tablespace = UNDOTBS1undo_retention = 10800remote_login_passwordfile= EXCLUSIVEdb_domain =instance_name = gzhsdispatchers = (PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=gzhsXDB)job_queue_processes = 10hash_join_enabled = TRUEbackground_dump_dest = /oracle/admin/gzhs/bdumpuser_dump_dest = /oracle/admin/gzhs/udumpcore_dump_dest = /oracle/admin/gzhs/cdumpsort_area_size = 524288db_name = gzhsopen_cursors = 300star_transformation_enabled= FALSEquery_rewrite_enabled = FALSEpga_aggregate_target = 838860800aq_tm_processes = 1PMON started with pid=2DBW0 started with pid=3LGWR started with pid=4CKPT started with pid=5SMON started with pid=6RECO started with pid=7CJQ0 started with pid=8Thu Apr 1 11:11:13 2004starting up 1 shared server(s) ...QMN0 started with pid=9Thu Apr 1 11:11:13 2004starting up 1 dispatcher(s) for network address '(ADDRESS=(PARTIAL=YES)(PROTOCOL=TCP))'...ARCH: STARTING ARCH PROCESSESARC0 started with pid=12ARC0: Archival startedARC1 started with pid=13Thu Apr 1 11:11:13 2004ARCH: STARTING ARCH PROCESSES COMPLETEThu Apr 1 11:11:13 2004ARC0: Thread not mountedThu Apr 1 11:11:13 2004ARC1: Archival startedARC1: Thread not mountedThu Apr 1 11:11:14 2004ALTER DATABASE MOUNTThu Apr 1 11:11:18 2004SUCcessful mount of redo thread 1, with mount id 1088380178.Thu Apr 1 11:11:18 2004Database mounted in Exclusive Mode.Completed: ALTER DATABASE MOUNTThu Apr 1 11:11:27 2004alter database openThu Apr 1 11:11:27 2004Beginning crash recovery of 1 threadsThu Apr 1 11:11:27 2004Started first pass scanThu Apr 1 11:11:28 2004Completed first pass scan1 redo blocks read, 0 data blocks need recoveryThu Apr 1 11:11:28 2004Started recovery atThread 1: logseq 177, block 2, scn 0.33104793Recovery of Online Redo Log: Thread 1 Group 3 Seq 177 Reading mem 0Mem# 0 errs 0: /u01/oradata/gzhs/redo03.logThu Apr 1 11:11:28 2004Completed redo applicationThu Apr 1 11:11:28 2004Ended recovery atThread 1: logseq 177, block 3, scn 0.331247940 data blocks read, 0 data blocks written, 1 redo blocks readCrash recovery completed successfullyThu Apr 1 11:11:28 2004LGWR: Primary database is in CLUSTER CONSISTENT modeThread 1 advanced to log sequence 178Thread 1 opened at log sequence 178Current log# 1 seq# 178 mem# 0: /u01/oradata/gzhs/redo01.logSuccessful open of redo thread 1.Thu Apr 1 11:11:28 2004ARC0: Evaluating archive log 3 thread 1 sequence 177Thu Apr 1 11:11:28 2004ARC0: Beginning to archive log 3 thread 1 sequence 177Creating archive destination LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1: '/u06/oradata/gzhs/arch/1_177.dbf'Thu Apr 1 11:11:28 2004SMON: enabling cache recoveryARC0: Completed archiving log 3 thread 1 sequence 177Thu Apr 1 11:11:28 2004Errors in file /oracle/admin/gzhs/udump/gzhs_ora_27781.trc:ORA-30012: 263267317373261355277325274344 'UNDOTBS1' 262273264346324332273362300340320315262273325375310267Thu Apr 1 11:11:28 2004Error 30012 happened during db open, shutting down databaseUSER: terminating instance due to error 30012Instance terminated by USER, pid = 27781ORA-1092 signalled during: alter database open...:q.............在警报日志末尾显示了数据库在Open状态因为错误而异常终止.2. 尝试重新启动数据库bash-2.03$ sqlplus '/ as sysdba'SQL*Plus: Release 9.2.0.3.0 - Production on 星期四 4月 1 11:43:52 2004Copyright (c) 1982, 2002, Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved.已连接到空闲例程。 SQL> startupORACLE 例程已经启动。Total System Global Area 4364148184 bytesFixed Size 736728 bytesVariable Size 1845493760 bytesDatabase Buffers 2516582400 bytesRedo Buffers 1335296 bytes数据库装载完毕。ORA-01092: ORACLE 例程终止。强行断开连接.............工程人员报告的问题重现.3. 检查数据文件bash-2.03$ cd /u01/ oradata/gzhsbash-2.03$ ls -ltotal 55702458-rw-r----- 1 oracle dba 1073750016 Apr 1 11:44 UNDOTBS2.dbf-rw-r----- 1 oracle dba 1073750016 Apr 1 11:44 WAP12_BILLINGDETAIL.dbf-rw-r----- 1 oracle dba 1073750016 Apr 1 11:44 WAP12_MAIN.dbf-rw-r----- 1 oracle dba 2097160192 Apr 1 11:44 WAP12_MAIN10.dbf-rw-r----- 1 oracle dba 2097160192 Apr 1 11:44 WAP12_MAIN11.dbf-rw-r----- 1 oracle dba 2097160192 Apr 1 11:44 WAP12_MAIN2.dbf-rw-r----- 1 oracle dba 2097160192 Apr 1 11:44 WAP12_MAIN3.dbf-rw-r----- 1 oracle dba 2097160192 Apr 1 11:44 WAP12_MAIN4.dbf-rw-r----- 1 oracle dba 2097160192 Apr 1 11:44 WAP12_MAIN5.dbf-rw-r----- 1 oracle dba 2097160192 Apr 1 11:44 WAP12_MAIN6.dbf-rw-r----- 1 oracle dba 2097160192 Apr 1 11:44 WAP12_MAIN7.dbf-rw-r----- 1 oracle dba 2097160192 Apr 1 11:44 WAP12_MAIN8.dbf-rw-r----- 1 oracle dba 2097160192 Apr 1 11:44 WAP12_MAIN9.dbf-rw-r----- 1 oracle dba 1073750016 Apr 1 11:44 WAP12_MVIEW.dbf-rw-r----- 1 oracle dba 1073750016 Mar 24 17:15 WAP12_TEMP1.dbf......................................发现存在文件UNDOTBS2.dbf4. mount数据库，检查系统参数 bash-2.03$ sqlplus '/ as sysdba' SQL*Plus: Release 9.2.0.3.0 - Production on 星期四 4月 1 11:46:20 2004 Copyright (c) 1982, 2002, Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved. 已连接到空闲例程。 SQL> SQL> SQL> startup mount; ORACLE 例程已经启动。 Total System Global Area 4364148184 bytes Fixed Size 736728 bytes Variable Size 1845493760 bytes Database Buffers 2516582400 bytes Redo Buffers 1335296 bytes 数据库装载完毕。 SQL> select name from v$datafile; NAME -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /u01/oradata/gzhs/system01.dbf /u01/oradata/gzhs/cwmlite01.dbf /u01/oradata/gzhs/drsys01.dbf /u01/oradata/gzhs/example01.dbf /u01/oradata/gzhs/indx01.dbf /u01/oradata/gzhs/odm01.dbf /u01/oradata/gzhs/tools01.dbf /u01/oradata/gzhs/users01.dbf /u01/oradata/gzhs/xdb01.dbf ......................... /u01/oradata/gzhs/UNDOTBS2.dbf 已选择23行。 SQL> SQL> show parameter undo NAME TYPE VALUE ------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------ undo_management string AUTO undo_retention integer 10800 undo_suppress_errors boolean FALSE undo_tablespace string UNDOTBS1 SQL> show parameter spfile NAME TYPE VALUE ------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------ spfile string ......................................发现系统没有使用spfile,而初始化参数设置的undo表空间为UNDOTBS15. 检查参数文件 bash-2.03$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/dbs bash-2.03$ ls init.ora initgzhs.ora initgzhs.ora.old orapwgzhs initdw.ora initgzhs.ora.hurray lkGZHS snapcf_gzhs.f bash-2.03$ vi initgzhs.ora'initgzhs.ora' [Incomplete last line] 105 lines, 3087 characters #################################################### # Copyright (c) 1991, 2001, 2002 by Oracle Corporation #################################################### ########################################### # Archive ########################################### log_archive_dest_1='LOCATION=/u06/oradata/gzhs/arch' log_archive_format=%t_%s.dbf log_archive_start=true ########################################### # Cache and I/O ########################################### db_block_size=8192 db_cache_size=2516582400 db_file_multiblock_read_count=16 ########################################### # Cursors and Library Cache ########################################### open_cursors=300 ...................... ########################################### # System Managed Undo and Rollback Segments ########################################### undo_management=AUTO undo_retention=10800 undo_tablespace=UNDOTBS1 :q!.............这个设置是极其可疑的. 怀疑参数文件和实际数据库设置不符.6. 再次检查alert文件查找对于UNDO表空间的操作第一部分，创建数据库时的信息: Sat Feb 7 20:30:12 2004 CREATE DATABASE gzhs MAXINSTANCES 1 MAXLOGHISTORY 1 MAXLOGFILES 5 MAXLOGMEMBERS 3 MAXDATAFILES 100 DATAFILE '/u01/oradata/gzhs/system01.dbf' SIZE 500M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 10240K MAXSIZE UNLIMITED EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL DEFAULT TEMPORARY TABLESPACE TEMP TEMPFILE '/u01/oradata/gzhs/temp01.dbf' SIZE 1000M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 250M MAXSIZE UNLIMITED UNDO TABLESPACE 'UNDOTBS1' DATAFILE '/u01/oradata/gzhs/undotbs01.dbf' SIZE 1000M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 100M MAXSIZE UNLIMITED CHARACTER SET ZHS16GBK NATIONAL CHARACTER SET AL16UTF16 LOGFILE GROUP 1 ('/u01/oradata/gzhs/redo01.log') SIZE 256M, GROUP 2 ('/u01/oradata/gzhs/redo02.log') SIZE 256M, GROUP 3 ('/u01/oradata/gzhs/redo03.log') SIZE 256M.............注重，这也是OCP教材上提到的两种创建UNDO表空间的方式之一第二部分,发现创建UNDOTBS2的记录信息: Wed Mar 24 20:20:58 2004 /* OracleOEM */ CREATE UNDO TABLESPACE 'UNDOTBS2' DATAFILE '/u01/oradata/gzhs/UNDOTBS2.dbf' SIZE 1024M AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 100M MAXSIZE UNLIMITED Wed Mar 24 20:22:37 2004 Created Undo Segment _SYSSMU11$ Created Undo Segment _SYSSMU12$ Created Undo Segment _SYSSMU13$ Created Undo Segment _SYSSMU14$ Created Undo Segment _SYSSMU15$ Created Undo Segment _SYSSMU16$ Created Undo Segment _SYSSMU17$ Created Undo Segment _SYSSMU18$ Created Undo Segment _SYSSMU19$ Created Undo Segment _SYSSMU20$ Completed: /* OracleOEM */ CREATE UNDO TABLESPACE 'UNDOTBS2' Wed Mar 24 20:24:25 2004 Undo Segment 11 Onlined Undo Segment 12 Onlined Undo Segment 13 Onlined Undo Segment 14 Onlined Undo Segment 15 Onlined Undo Segment 16 Onlined Undo Segment 17 Onlined Undo Segment 18 Onlined Undo Segment 19 Onlined Undo Segment 20 Onlined Successfully onlined Undo Tablespace 15. Undo Segment 1 Offlined Undo Segment 2 Offlined Undo Segment 3 Offlined Undo Segment 4 Offlined Undo Segment 5 Offlined Undo Segment 6 Offlined Undo Segment 7 Offlined Undo Segment 8 Offlined Undo Segment 9 Offlined Undo Segment 10 Offlined Undo Tablespace 1 successfully switched out..............第三部分，新的UNDO表空间被应用Wed Mar 24 20:24:25 2004ALTER SYSTEM SET undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS2' SCOPE=MEMORY;我们发现问题就在这里,创建了新的UNDO表空间以后，因为使用的是pfile文件，修改的只对当前实例生效，操作人员忘记了修改pfile文件.假如使用spfile，缺省的修改范围是both,会同时修改spfile文件，就可以避免以上问题的出现.第四部分，删除了UNDOTBS1的信息Wed Mar 24 20:25:01 2004 /* OracleOEM */ DROP TABLESPACE 'UNDOTBS1' INCLUDING CONTENTS AND DATAFILES CASCADE CONSTRAINTS Wed Mar 24 20:25:03 2004 Deleted file /u01/oradata/gzhs/undotbs01.dbf Completed: /* OracleOEM */ DROP TABLESPACE 'UNDOTBS1' INCLUDI.............这样再次重新启动数据库的时候，问题出现了，pfile中定义的UNDOTBS1找不到了，而且操作实在很久以前，没人能回忆起来，甚至无法得知是什么人的操作。 7. 更改pfile，启动数据库修改undo表空间############################################ System Managed Undo and Rollback Segments###########################################undo_management=AUTOundo_retention=10800undo_tablespace=UNDOTBS2....bash-2.03$ sqlplus '/ as sysdba'SQL*Plus: Release 9.2.0.3.0 - Production on 星期四 4月 1 11:55:11 2004Copyright (c) 1982, 2002, Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved.连接到: Oracle9i Enterprise Edition Release 9.2.0.3.0 - 64bit ProductionWith the Partitioning, OLAP and Oracle Data Mining optionsJServer Release 9.2.0.3.0 - ProductionSQL> select * from v$version;BANNER----------------------------------------------------------------Oracle9i Enterprise Edition Release 9.2.0.3.0 - 64bit ProductionPL/SQL Release 9.2.0.3.0 - ProductionCORE 9.2.0.3.0 ProductionTNS for Solaris: Version 9.2.0.3.0 - ProductionNLSRTL Version 9.2.0.3.0 - ProductionSQL> exit从Oracle9i Enterprise Edition Release 9.2.0.3.0 - 64bit ProductionWith the Partitioning, OLAP and Oracle Data Mining optionsJServer Release 9.2.0.3.0 - Production中断开bash-2.03$在这里我们可以看到，使用spfile可以免去手工修改pfile文件的麻烦，减少了犯错的可能。既然Oracle9i给我们提供了这个新特性，就值得我们学习使用它.